双辐板涡轮盘盘腔单向流固耦合分析

为减轻质量、提高冷却效率,针对下一代高推重比涡扇发动机高压涡轮盘的优化设计,基于3维双辐板涡轮盘模型进行单向流固耦合分析,通过定常流动换热分析得到该结构盘腔中的流场、压力场和温度场分布,将盘腔表面压力分布和盘体上的温度分布作为载荷传递给盘体,对盘体进行应力分析得到应力场,从而建立起温度场和应力场的直接关联,总结出盘腔转速是影响盘体最大等效应力的关键参数,为双辐板涡轮盘的冷却设计和结构优化提供了数据支撑。     

燃烧室壁面鳞片型气膜孔流动与冷却机理分析

为了研究某型发动机燃烧室内的鳞片型气膜冷却孔流动及冷却机理,采用平板模型及燃烧室模型进行数值模拟研究,揭示鳞片型气膜冷却孔对燃烧室壁面冷却特性及燃烧特性的影响。结果表明:鳞片型气膜孔的鳞片结构有利于消除外卷对涡,增强气膜展向动量,具有较好的气膜冷却效率和展向覆盖特性;鳞片型气膜孔结构能有效降低冷气流量,提升冷却性能,应用鳞片气膜冷却孔的燃烧室壁面气膜冷却效果更优于应用平圆孔的;应用鳞片气膜冷却孔的燃烧室出口温度分布系数(Out let Temperat ure Di st r i but i on Fact or,OTDF)较低。     

MCGA-assisted ignition process and flame propagation of a scramjet at Mach 2.0

The ignition process and flame propagation with ethylene fuel in cavity-stabilized scramjet by a Multi-Channel Gliding Arc(MCGA) at Mach 2.0 were investigated. Effects of equivalence ratios on the MCGA-assisted ignition process and flame propagation of the scramjet were recorded by two high-speed cameras from different view angles. The discharge characteristics of MCGA are also collected synchronously with the high-speed cameras. The distributions of temperature, velocity, and equivalence ratios...     

Mixing and combustion characteristics in a scramjet combustor with different distances between cavity and backward-facing step

The mixing and combustion characteristics in a cavity flameholding combustor under inlet Mach number 2.92 are numerically investigated with ethylene injection. Dimensionless distance is defined as the ratio of the actual distance to the height of the combustor entrance. The cavity shear-layer mode, the lifted cavity shear-layer mode, and jet wake mode with upstream separation are observed respectively with dimensionless distance equals to 1.5, 4.5, and 7.5. In both non-reacting and reacting flow...     

状态/输入约束下飞-推一体化的保性能安全控制

基于飞行-推力一体化思想提出了一种针对搭载超燃冲压发动机的吸气式高超声速飞行器速度通道的状态/输入约束自适应鲁棒保性能安全控制方案。首先根据超燃冲压发动机的机理分析与计算流体动力模型数据，建立了安全子系统与性能子系统面向控制的仿射非线性模型。之后基于障碍Lyapunov理论与动态面设计方法设计了一套安全子系统状态约束控制器，从理论上保证了飞行器在跟踪指令的全过程中，发动机相关状态不会触碰安全边界，并结合自适应技术与辅助系统提高了该控制系统的鲁棒性。针对性能子系统设计了一套鲁棒自抗扰控制器，达到“保证安全的前提下不折损性能”的目的。仿真结果表明所设计的控制系统可以在保障安全的同时达到预想的性能，并显著放宽了超燃冲压发动机对飞行器飞行姿态的约束，保证了高超声速飞行器的机动灵活性。     

Influence of coupled characteristics on the internally staged combustor under low power operation

An ultra low emissions combustor, namely low emission stirred swirl (LESS) combustor was studied, based on a scheme of internally staged/lean premixed and prevaporized (LPP) combustion. The LESS combustor consists of central pilot stage and outer surrounded coaxially main stage, between which there exists a physical isolation, namely the step height. The existence of step height delayed the pilot and main jets mixing. Experimental and numerical studies were carried out to investigate the influence of the step height on the combustion performance. A single dome rectangular combustor was utilized to conduct the lean lightoff and blowout experiments, and pollutant emission experiments. The experimental results showed that with the increase of step height by 38%, the lean lightoff and blowout fuel air ratio decreased by 574% and 375%, the NOx emission increased by 35.1%, and the combustion efficiency increased by 1.78%; while the CO,unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) emissions decreased. Furthermore, the total pressure loss was kept nearly constant. Non reacting and reacting flow fields were numerically investigated to analyze the coupled characteristics of pilot and main jets with different step heights. A comparison of flow characteristics, spray structure, and combustion component as well as temperature field with different step heights was conducted. The numerical results showed that the increase of the step height shifted the peak velocity outwards. The enlargement of the primary recirculation zone (PRZ) resulted in the increase of the combustion efficiency and NOx emission, while the CO, UHC emissions decreeased.      

热力学非平衡对超燃冲压发动机冷态流动影响研究

随着流动马赫数和温度的变化，热力学非平衡对流动的影响也在变化。为研究热力学非平衡对不同飞行马赫数条件下的超燃冲压发动机冷态流动的影响，对三个经典的超燃冲压发动机模型，包括JAXA Ma12-02超燃冲压发动机，DLR超燃冲压发动机，以及Hyshot II超燃冲压发动机进行数值模拟。针对每个超燃冲压发动机，分别采用三种热力学模型进行模拟，包括量热完全气体模型（对应冻结流动），单温度模型（对应热力学平衡流动）以及双温度模型（对应热力学非平衡流动）。计算结果表明，热力学模型对超燃冲压发动机内流波系结构的位置有一定影响：从整体上来说，双温度模型计算所得波系位置比量热完全气体模型计算结果靠后，比单温度模型计算结果靠前；不同热力学模型计算所得波系位置在发动机前段相对较为接近，而随着向下游发展，波系位置的差别逐渐增大，这是上游每一道波系位置的差别逐渐累积的结果；在发动机前段，双温度模型计算所得波系位置更接近于量热完全气体模型计算结果。通过分析不同热力学模型计算所得激波角可以对此进行解释。而就本文涉及的三个小尺寸超燃冲压发动机而言，热力学模型对气动力和力矩的影响相对较小。不同热力学模型计算所得气动力和力矩的差别主要来源于计算所得激波串位置的差别。     

大弯管冲击/发散冷却特性的数值计算与分析

采用Fluent 软件对大弯管多方案冲击/发散冷却特性进行了流固耦合传热计算,得到了不同方案的壁温和综合冷却效率的分布规律,并开展了大弯管壁温试验。结果表明:①流量系数和总压损失系数与当量流动面积有关,当量流动面积相同时,各方案的流量系数及总压损失系数相差不大；②在当量流动面积相同的条件下,增加发散孔开孔面积、减小冲击孔开孔面积对提高综合冷却效率有利；③发散孔及冲击孔的排布形式会影响综合冷却效率,在孔数、孔径、开孔面积均相同的条件下,六边形排布优于菱形排布。      

双级轴向旋流器性能评估方法（二）——旋流器下游几何结构的影响

开展了双级轴向旋流燃烧室反应流场和燃烧性能的理论与数值研究。通过数值模拟研究了旋流强度与旋流器下游（套筒）几何结构对于燃烧室反应流场与燃烧性能的影响规律。结果表明:当旋流强度低时，旋转气流倾向脱离套筒喉部附近的壁面，形成类似喷射的流动；套筒扩张角越大，旋流强度增幅越大；当扩张半角为30°～70°时，气流扩张角随套筒扩张半角增加而增大。研究发现:存在临界套筒扩张半角为73°，大于该临界角时，气流与套筒发生“脱体”现象。通过理论推导与数值仿真相结合的方法，发展建立了套筒出口气流扩张角估算公式。通过与实验及数值结果比较发现，该公式能够对旋流器出口近场气流发展进行准确预测，为未来旋流器的设计提供了一种实用有效的方法。      

入口流量分配对超紧凑级间燃烧室性能的影响

对超紧凑级间燃烧室入口的流量分配进行了优化分析.首先基于化学反应模拟软件Chemkin,建立了航空煤油RP3/空气的小型级间燃烧室性能简化分析方法,并利用现有实验数据对其进行了验证.选取了入口主流流量/腔体流量分别为60/40，65/35，70/30，75/25，80/20五种分配方案,利用简化分析模型对各分流方案进行了对比研究,主要关注出口温度、燃烧效率和污染物排放的变化情况.结果表明:分流比为65/35时,燃烧效率相对于5种分流比中最高燃烧效率只下降0.249%,但NOx及CO排放均相对降低了50%以上.基于此研究方法得到的结论,可为超紧凑级间燃烧室设计初期的分流方案选取提供依据和性能简化分析方法.